Inverter

An inverter is an essential component of every solar energy system. It converts the direct current (DC) electricity produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the standard form of power used in American homes and the electrical grid.

There are three main types of solar inverters. String inverters (also called central inverters) connect multiple panels in a series and convert their combined DC output at one central location — they are the most affordable option. Microinverters are small units installed on each individual panel, allowing panel-level optimization and monitoring, which is especially useful for roofs with partial shading. Power optimizers pair with a string inverter but add panel-level DC optimization, offering a middle ground between cost and performance. Most residential inverters carry warranties of 12–25 years and are sized to match the total wattage of the solar array.